Generated by All in One SEO v5.0.1.1, this is an llms.txt file, used by LLMs to index the site.

# Ratcliff

A unique law firm providing exceptional services to First Nations, businesses, individuals and organizations.

## Sitemaps

- [XML Sitemap](https://www.ratcliff.com/sitemap.xml): Contains all public & indexable URLs for this website.

## Pages

- [Ratcliff LLP](https://www.ratcliff.com/) - Ratcliff LLP is a leading Vancouver Law firm specializing in aboriginal law, business and personal law (including wills and estates, real estate law, and civil litigation), and public law.
- [Our Lawyers](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/) - A leading law firm in Vancouver, Ratcliff provides innovative advice to Indigenous communities on treaty negotiation, Indigenous corporate and economic development, and governance
- [Careers](https://www.ratcliff.com/careers/) - Ratcliff provides a diverse range of legal services to clients throughout BC and Canada. We offer legal careers to talented individuals who enjoy being challenged and excel in a dynamic environment.
- [Personal and Business Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/personal-and-business-law/) - Ratcliff provides effective, pragmatic legal advice to individuals and businesses, in the areas of business law, wills and estates law and real estate law.
- [Aboriginal Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/) - Ratcliff is one of Canada’s leading Aboriginal law firms. For over 50 years, we’ve been helping Indigenous peoples regain lost lands and re-establish Aboriginal rights.
- [Public Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/public-law/) - Ratcliff’s Public Law practice has been at the forefront of major legal developments in First Nations rights, human rights, and environmental rights in Canada.
- [Privacy Policy](https://www.ratcliff.com/privacy-policy/) - Ratcliff.com Privacy Policy
- [Tools for Economic Reconciliation Workshop](https://www.ratcliff.com/tools-for-economic-reconciliation-workshop/) - Join us on October 24, 2025, for the Tools for Economic Reconciliation workshop, featuring presentations from Doane Grant Thornton LLP, the First Nations Finance Authority, and Ratcliff LLP. This workshop will offer practical insights and strategies to support Indigenous economic and business development. Name* Email* Organization* Title How did you hear about this webinar?* LinkedIn
- [Articling at Ratcliff](https://www.ratcliff.com/articling/) - Ratcliff’s articling program offers law students work experience in a challenging and dynamic environment. Our articling students gain comprehensive exposure to the practice of law.
- [Wills and Estates Lawyers North Vancouver](https://www.ratcliff.com/personal-and-business-law/wills-and-estates/) - Ratcliff’s Wills and Estates lawyers create estate plans, Powers of Attorney, Representation Agreements and trusts and assist executors and administrators with probate applications.
- [Specific Claims](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/specific-claims/) - Ratcliff’s lawyers have many years of experience working in the area of land claims and with expertise in developing the legal arguments necessary to file Specific Claims
- [News](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/) - News Search Categories Aboriginal Rights & Title Business & Commercial Constitutional Litigation First Nations Business & Economic Development Indigenous Governance Judicial Review & Administrative Law Natural Resources & Environment News Real Estate Specific Claims Treaty Negotiation & Implementation All Accordion #2 Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Ut elit tellus, luctus nec ullamcorper
- [Law Firm North Vancouver](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-firm/) - Ratcliff is a leading Vancouver Law firm specializing in aboriginal law, business and personal law, and public law. Ratcliff is recognized as one of Canada’s oldest and best law firms in indigenous law.
- [Natural Resource Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/public-law/natural-resource-law/) - Ratcliff’s lawyers combine their expertise across practice areas to counsel clients on legal issues affecting natural resources in Canada including forestry, fisheries, and energy
- [Environmental Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/public-law/environmental-law/) - Ratcliff’s environmental law practice has considerable experience working within the environmental regulatory processes of all levels of government.
- [Constitutional Litigation](https://www.ratcliff.com/public-law/constitutional-litigation/) - Our constitutional lawyers initiate court challenges on behalf of our clients in provincial & federal courts, challenging government decisions that impact their rights & Charter freedoms.
- [Administrative Law and Judicial Review](https://www.ratcliff.com/public-law/administrative-law-and-judicial-review/) - Our constitutional lawyers initiate judicial review actions in provincial & federal courts, challenging government decisions that impact the actions of our clients
- [Real Estate Lawyers North Vancouver](https://www.ratcliff.com/personal-and-business-law/real-estate-law/) - Ratcliff’s real estate lawyers have expertise in fractional-interests and recreational property arrangements, conveyancing, and First Nations leasehold property transactions.
- [Employment Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/personal-and-business-law/employment-law/) - Ratcliff offers legal solutions for employers and employees that ensure compliance with the Employment Standards Act BC and BC labour law to limit liability & support harmonious resolution of disputes.
- [Civil Disputes](https://www.ratcliff.com/personal-and-business-law/civil-litigation/) - Ratcliff’s civil litigation lawyers assist clients with a variety of issues related to Wills & Estates, Contracts & Agreements, Employment law, and Fraud.
- [Business and Commercial Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/personal-and-business-law/business-and-commercial-law/) - Ratcliff provides effective, pragmatic legal advice and support to individuals and businesses, in the areas of business law and real estate law.
- [Indigenous Governance](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/governance/) - Ratcliff advises on self-government & Indigenous governance matters for First Nations classified as ‘bands’ under the Indian Act, for Tribal Councils & Modern Treaty Nations, and similar Indigenous Governing Bodies.
- [Treaty Negotiation and Implementation](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/treaty-negotiation-and-implementation/) - Ratcliff is proud to be the most experienced law firm in BC in the areas of treaty negotiation and implementation.
- [Indigenous Business & Economic Development](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/first-nations-business-and-economic-development/) - Ratcliff has successfully provided Indigenous business law and economic development advice on projects that recognize the constitutional rights of First Nations
- [First Nations Consultation, Negotiation and Accommodation](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/first-nations-consultation-negotiation-and-accommodation/) - As a leader in Indigenous law, Ratcliff is recognized for our work in First Nations Consultation, Negotiation, and Accommodation. We have handled hundreds of negotiations with provincial and federal Crowns
- [Aboriginal and Treaty Rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/aboriginal-law/aboriginal-treaty-rights/) - Ratcliff has advanced the Aboriginal rights of our First Nation clients in a wide range of land claims, resulting in a return of significant lands and agreements that bring economic benefits.
- [Terms of Use](https://www.ratcliff.com/terms-of-use/) - Ratcliff.com Terms Of Use
- [Contact Us](https://www.ratcliff.com/contact-us/) - Contact Us | Law firm | North Vancouver | Legal advice | Aboriginal Law | Wills Estates | Real Estate | Business & Commercial Law

## News

- [Tiičma Enterprises, a Leader in Indigenous Economic Development, Recognized for Remarkable Growth](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/tiicma-enterprises-a-leader-in-indigenous-economic-development-recognized-for-remarkable-growth/) - Tiičma Enterprises, a wholly-owned economic development corporation of the Ka:’yu:’k’t’h’/Che:k’les7et’h’ First Nations (KCFN), has earned acclaim as Community-Owned Business of the Year for fostering self-reliance within its community. Ka:’yu:’k’t’h’/Che:k’les7et’h’ First Nations among 2023 BC Achievement Indigenous Business Award recipients Congratulations to Tiičma Enterprises on Their Outstanding Success On September 12, 2023, BC Achievement Foundation revealed the winners of the 15th Annual Indigenous Business Awards which recognize the accomplishments of Indigenous businesses, entrepreneurs, partnership entities and community-owned enterprises. In a remarkable display of Indigenous |
- [Blueberry River First Nations signs momentous land management agreement with Province of B.C.](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/blueberry-river-first-nations-signs-momentous-land-management-agreement-with-the-province-of-b-c/) - Blueberry River First Nations and BC signed the Blueberry River First Nations Implementation Agreement
- [BC Law Reforms: First Nations Gain Direct Land Ownership Rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/bc-law-reforms-first-nations-gain-direct-land-ownership-rights/) - The Government of British Columbia’s recent amendments to the Land Title Act and the Property Law Act, through the Land Title and Property Law Amendment Act, 2024, provide ways for all First Nations in BC to purchase and register land in BC.
- [Saik’uz and Stellat’en First Nations Secure Groundbreaking Decision for Nechako River Rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/saikuz-and-stellaten-first-nations-secure-groundbreaking-decision-for-nechako-river-rights/) - Court rules provincial and federal governments have a duty to protect Saik’uz and Stellat’en Nations’ Aboriginal rights from ongoing harm from Kenney Dam.
- [Ratcliff Recognized by Lexpert as 2025 Best Aboriginal Law Lawyers](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-recognized-by-lexpert-as-2025-best-aboriginal-law-lawyers/) - Explore news related to the issues and cases Vancouver area law firm Ratcliff LLP has worked on to learn more about our diverse experience.
- [Ratcliff Proud to be Named One of Canada's Best Law Firms of 2025](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-proud-to-be-named-one-of-canadas-best-law-firms-of-2025/) - Ratcliff LLP is honored to be named among Canada's Best Law Firms of 2025 by The Globe and Mail, recognized in the Aboriginal Law/Indigenous Law category.
- [Ratcliff lawyers succeed before Specific Claims Tribunal with finding that Canada breached its fiduciary duty to the Huu-ay-aht First Nations](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-lawyers-succeed-specific-claims-tribunal-finding-canada-breached-its-fiduciary-duty/) - Ratcliff lawyers John Rich, Kate Blomfield and Emma Hume succeed in securing the Specific Claim Tribunal’s first compensation decision, successfully arguing that Canada breached its fiduciary duty to the Huu-ay-aht First Nations (“HFN”) multiple times and the HFN must be compensated.
- [Oral hearings quietly vanish from Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain pipeline review](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/oral-hearings-quietly-vanish-kinder-morgan-trans-mountain-pipeline-review/) - Ratcliff lawyer Greg McDade speaks out on behalf of his client, the City of Burnaby, on the issue of the National Energy Board cutting all cross-examination from the Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain Pipeline review process.
- [Blueberry River First Nations Membership Votes Overwhelmingly in Favour of Treaty Land Entitlement Settlement](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/blueberry-river-first-nations-membership-votes-overwhelmingly-in-favour-of-treaty-land-entitlement-settlement/) - Blueberry River First Nations voted overwhelmingly in favour of the Nations’ negotiated Treaty Land Entitlement (TLE) settlement.
- [Court finds Rio Tinto Alcan harming Nechako fisheries and infringing Aboriginal rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/court-finds-rio-tinto-alcan-harming-nechako-fisheries-and-infringing-aboriginal-rights/) - Supreme Court decision finds Rio Tinto Alcan’s operation of the Kenney Dam has caused significant historic and ongoing harm to the Nechako River and its fisheries.
- [Vaughn Palmer: New model for land management takes shape with northern First Nation](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/vaughn-palmer-new-model-land-management-takes-shape-northern-first-nation/) - Blueberry River First Nations and the B.C. government try mediation as an alternative to the courtroom to negotiate Blueberry's claim of treaty right infringement.
- [Tsawwassen First Nation reaches settlement agreement in English Bluffs Specific Claim](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/tsawwassen-fist-nation-reaches-settlement-agreement-in-english-bluffs-specific-claim/) - Tsawwassen First Nation will receive $7.7M as recognition that Canada failed to protect the Nation from an exploitative sale of land.
- [Teslin Tlingit Council v. Canada](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/teslin-tlingit-council-v-canada/) - Yukon Supreme Court declared that Canada has a legal obligation to negotiate a self-government Financial Transfer Agreement with Teslin Tlingit Council
- [Supreme Court Upholds Constitutionality of Federal Carbon Pricing](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/supreme-court-upholds-constitutionality-of-federal-carbon-pricing/) - Ratcliff lawyers Nathan Hume and Emma Hume successfully argued that the government has the constitutional authority to enact carbon pricing.
- [Supreme Court of Canada denies leave to Rio Tinto Alcan; Upholds Saik'uz and Stellat'en First Nations win at B.C. Court of Appeal](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/supreme-court-canada-denies-leave-rio-tinto-alcan/) - The Supreme Court of Canada denied Leave to Appeal to Rio Tinto Alcan, and dismissed Rio Tinto Alcan's Application for Leave to Appeal from the earlier BC Court of Appeal decision in favour of the Saik'uz and Stellat'en First Nations.
- [Squamish Nation and Coldwater Indian band celebrate victory against Trans Mountain expansion project](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/squamish-nation-and-coldwater-indian-band-celebrate-victory-against-trans-mountain-expansion/) - The Federal Court of Appeal quashed the approval for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project on the basis that Canada failed to fulfill its duty to consult First Nations, including the Squamish Nation and Coldwater Indian Band.
- [Specific Claims Tribunal decision stands for Huu-ay-aht First Nation as Canada discontinues review](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/specific-claims-tribunal-decision-stands-huu-ay-aht-first-nation-canada-discontinues-review/) - Canada withdrew its application for a judicial review of a Specific Claims Tribunal decision in Attorney General of Canada v Huu-ay-aht First Nation. The Specific Claims Tribunal decision awarding the Nation $13.8 million in compensation for breaches of duty will stand.
- [Specific Claims Tribunal awards $13.8 million to Huu-ay-aht First Nations](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/specific-claims-tribunal-awards-millions-huu-ay-aht-first-nations/) - The Specific Claims Tribunal released a decision--its first addressing the issue of compensation--awarding more than $13.8 million to Huu-ay-aht First Nations for breaches of fiduciary duty committed by Canada between 1948 and 1969.
- [Six Ratcliff Lawyers Recognized in Canadian Legal Lexpert Directory 2024](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-lawyers-recognized-by-lexpertcanadian-legal-lexpert-directory-2024/) - Ratcliff LLP congratulates its lawyers for their recognition in the 2024 edition of the Canadian Legal Lexpert Directory.
- [Sc' ianew First Nation wins Community-Owned Business of the Year Award for M'i nuw'ilum Marina Inc.](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/sc-ianew-first-nation-wins-community-owned-business-of-the-year-award-for-mi-nuwilum-marina-inc/) - Sc' ianew First Nation receives BC Achievement Foundation Award for Community-Owned Business of the Year Award for M'i nuw'ilum Marina Inc.
- [Saik'uz and Stellat'en First Nations successful in appeal against Rio Tinto Alcan Inc.](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/saikuz-and-stellaten-first-nations-successful-appeal-against-rio-tinto-alcan-inc/) - Ratcliff lawyers Greg McDade and Melinda Skeels succeeded at the BC Court of Appeal in Saik’uz First Nation and Stellat’en First Nation v. Rio Tinto Alcan Inc.
- [Register Now! Free Ratcliff Webinar - 2021 In Review: Major Cases & Legal Updates](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/register-now-free-ratcliff-webinar-2021-in-review-major-cases-legal-updates/) - It’s been a year of significant achievements for Ratcliff’s clients – in and outside of court. On Friday, December 10, 2021.
- [Reconciliation weighs heavily in balance of convenience in Ladysmith Maritime Society v Ladysmith (Town), 2023 BCSC 2285](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/reconciliation-in-balance-of-convenience/) - Stz'uminus First Nation argued against a recent injunction application that would have delayed implementation of their Reconciliation Agreement.
- [Ratcliff Selected as Indigenous Law Elite Boutique by The Legal 500](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-selected-as-indigenous-law-elite-boutique-by-the-legal-500/) - In the category of Indigenous Law, Ratcliff LLP was recognized for continued, top-tier legal service and ranked as Elite Boutique.
- [Ratcliff represents Coldwater Indian Band bring judicial review against Kinder Morgan for "illegally operating pipeline"](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-represents-coldwater-indian-band-bring-judicial-review-against-kinder-morgan/) - Ratcliff on behalf of the Coldwater Indian Band brought a judicial review against Kinder Morgan’s plan to expand the Trans Mountain pipeline on Coldwater’s reserve.
- [Ratcliff represents city of Burnaby at NEB Trans Mountain hearings](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-represents-city-burnaby-neb-trans-mountain-hearings/) - The National Energy Board (NEB) should suspend its review of the Trans Mountain pipeline until Prime Minister Justin Trudeau reforms the national regulator, said Ratcliff lawyer Gregory McDade on behalf of the City of Burnaby.
- [Ratcliff Ranked Among Top Law Firms Serving Indigenous Peoples](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-ranked-among-top-law-firms-serving-indigenous-peoples/) - Ratcliff LLP has been ranked Band 1 in the area of Aboriginal Law - Representation of Indigenous People by Chambers Canada
- [Ratcliff Partners Co-Chair PBLI Specific Claims 2023 Conference](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-partners-co-chair-pbli-specific-claims-2023-conference/) - Specific Claims arise from Crown failures of the administration of First Nations land and other First Nation assets, and from unfulfilled treaty promises.
- [Ratcliff named one of Canada's top firms in Aboriginal Law by Chambers](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-named-one-canadas-top-firms-aboriginal-law/) - Recently, Ratcliff & Company LLP was ranked as one of Canada’s top law firms in Aboriginal Law in the category of boutique law firms by legal publisher Chambers and Partners.
- [Ratcliff LLP Recognized in The Globe and Mail's Best Law Firms 2022](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-llp-recognized-in-the-globe-and-mails-best-law-firms-2022/) - Ratcliff LLP was recognized in The Globe and Mail's Best Law Firms 2022 for outstanding work in the Aboriginal Law / Indigenous Law category.
- [Ratcliff LLP Honored as Elite Boutique in Indigenous Law by The Legal 500](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-llp-honored-as-elite-boutique-in-indigenous-law-by-the-legal-500/) - Ratcliff recognized in the 2024 edition of The Legal 500 as an Elite Boutique in the area of Aboriginal Law. The accolade reflects our commitment to excellence in Indigenous law.
- [Ratcliff lawyers successfully defend Burnaby's right to enforce its bylaws](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-lawyers-successfully-defend-burnabys-right-enforce-its-bylaws/) - In what's considered a huge win for the City of Burnaby's legal battle to stop the Trans Mountain Expansion Project, the National Energy Board struck down the company’s application to forbid Burnaby city staff from blocking the pipeline company’s test drilling on Burnaby Mountain in a protected conservation area.
- [Ratcliff lawyers put First Nations Consultation at centre stage before NEB](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-lawyers-put-first-nations-consultation-centre-stage/) - In a heated final argument Thursday, Squamish First Nation lawyer Aaron Bruce told the NEB that it cannot recommend the Trans Mountain expansion project’s approval because the federal government “recognizes the current process is deficient to address First Nations concerns.”
- [Ratcliff lawyers Greg Mcdade and Kate Blomfield represent Yukon First Nations in filing a constitutional challenge to Canada’s amendments to Yukon’s development assessment legislation](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-lawyers-greg-mcdade-and-kate-blomfield-represent-yukon-first-nations-filing/) - Three Yukon First Nations — the Teslin Tlingit Council, the Champagne and Aishihik First Nations, and the Little Salmon/Carmacks First Nation — filed a petition in Yukon Supreme Court on Wednesday with the assistance of Ratcliff lawyers Greg McDade and Kate Blomfield.
- [Ratcliff lawyers get injunction to stop opening of herring fishery on west coast of Vancouver Island](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-lawyers-get-injunction-stop-opening-herring-fishery-west-coast-vancouver-island/) - Ratcliff lawyers successfully applied on behalf of five Nuu-chah-nulth First Nations for an injunction blocking the opening this year of a herring fishery on the west coast of Vancouver Island.
- [Ratcliff Joins Forces with Experienced Yukon Lawyer, Victoria Fred](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-joins-forces-with-experienced-yukon-lawyer-victoria-fred/) - Victoria B. Fred, an experienced barrister practicing in Whitehorse, Yukon, will be working in conjunction with Ratcliff LLP as an Independent Associate Counsel.
- [Ratcliff gets the Supreme Court to set aside the province’s timber allocation decision for failure to consult Ehattesaht First Nation](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-gets-supreme-court-set-aside-provinces-timber-allocation-decision/) - Ratcliff successfully applied on behalf of Ehattesaht First Nation to set aside the Ministry of Forests' decision to return over 1 million cubic meters of surplus timber that was available for reallocation to the control of Western Forest Products Inc.
- [Ratcliff gets the Supreme Court to set aside the approval of the Whistler Official Community Plan for failure to consult the Squamish and Lil'wat Nations](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/ratcliff-gets-supreme-court-set-aside-approval-whistler-official-community-plan/) - Ratcliff successfully applied on behalf of the Squamish Nation and the Lil’wat Nation to set aside the decision of the Minister of Community, Sport and Cultural Development to approve the Official Community Plan (OCP) of the Resort Municipality of Whistler.
- [Odds stacked against parents fighting Ministry](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/odds-stacked-against-parents-fighting-ministry/) - Ratcliff won two cases this year on behalf of a mother whose baby was taken away from her three days after birth. Few parents receive such representation when dealing with the children’s ministry, making it harder for them to get their kids back.
- [Next Step in Fight to Protect Nechako Fisheries and Aboriginal rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/next-step-in-fight-to-protect-nechako-fisheries-and-aboriginal-rights/) - First Nations will appeal BC Supreme Court ruling to hold mining company responsible for harm to Nechako River and fisheries.
- [LOTA Notice to clients](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/lota-notice-to-clients/) - The LOTA imposes disclosure obligations that impact anyone who already holds an interest in land as of November 30, 2020, or who acquires an interest in land after November 30, 2020.
- [Huu-ay-aht First Nations to receive $4.2 million in funding](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/huu-ay-aht-first-nations-receive-funding/) - The federal government will be providing $4.2 million in funding to support the Huu-ay-aht First Nations Social Services Project.
- [Fort Nelson First Nation gets Nexen fracking water license overturned](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/fort-nelson-first-nation-gets-nexen-fracking-water-license-overturned/) - The Fort Nelson First Nation, represented by Ratcliff lawyers James Tate and Nathan Hume, has won a potentially precedent-setting decision from the B.C. Environmental Appeal Board that cancels the water licence of a natural gas fracking operation in northeast B.C.
- [Five BC First Nations settle 20-year Treaty Land Entitlement claims with BC and Canada](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/five-bc-first-nations-settle-20-year-treaty-land-entitlement-claims-with-bc-and-canada/) - Five First Nations in the Peace River region of northeastern British Columbia announced they have reached a significant agreement with the federal and provincial governments on their Treaty Land Entitlement claims.
- [Enhancing our Client Service in Yukon](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/enhancing-our-client-service-in-yukon/) - Ratcliff’s Yukon team expands to a total of nine lawyers, strengthening our firm’s history of serving Indigenous communities in Yukon. Ratcliff’s Yukon team expands to a total of nine lawyers We are thrilled to extend our congratulations to a group of exceptional Ratcliff lawyers who have recently been called to the Bar in Yukon. This achievement not only highlights their dedication and commitment to the legal profession but also strengthens our firm’s history of serving |
- [Eight Ratcliff lawyers have been recognized in the 2024 edition of The Best Lawyers in Canada](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/celebrating-excellence-our-lawyers-recognized-by-the-best-lawyers-in-canada/) - Best Lawyers recognized Ratcliff lawyers that demonstrate exceptional skill and knowledge across a range of practice areas, including Aboriginal Law and Trusts & Estates.
- [Court orders Huu-ay-aht child returned to mother's care](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/court-orders-huu-ay-aht-child-returned-mothers-care/) - Provincial Court ruled in favour of a Huu-ay-aht mother, ordering that her baby must be returned to the custody of her mother no later within days.
- [Court allows Saik'uz and Stellat'en First Nations to seek new declaratory relief in Alcan Claim](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/court-allows-saikuz-and-stellaten-first-nation-seek-new-declaratory-relief-alcan-claim/) - The BC Supreme Court Justice granted Saik'uz and Stellat'en First Nations permission to amend their court claim to seek declaratory relief should they prove their allegations against Rio Tinto Alcan.
- [Collision between Indigenous hunting and oil development rights set for legal showdown in B.C. court](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/collision-between-indigenous-hunting-and-oil-development-rights-set-legal-showdown/) - Ratcliff represents the Blueberry River First Nation who are fighting to stop the incremental erosion of its land and treaty rights.
- [Coldwater Indian Band successful against Kinder Morgan in Federal Court of Appeal](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/coldwater-indian-band-successful-against-kinder-morgan/) - The Federal Court of Appeal has ordered Ottawa to renegotiate the terms under which the Trans Mountain pipeline crosses a Coldwater Band reserve, raising new questions about the fate of Kinder Morgan Inc.’s federally approved plan to expand the pipeline.
- [Coldwater Indian Band and Squamish Nation challenge Trans Mountain pipeline](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/coldwater-indian-band-and-squamish-nation-challenge-trans-mountain-pipeline/) - Three First Nations have announced they're taking legal action challenging the federal government's approval of the Kinder Morgan Trans Mountain pipeline expansion project.
- [Blueberry River First Nations wins important historical claim in Specific Claims Tribunal](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/blueberry-river-first-nations-wins-important-historical-claim-specific-claims-tribunal/) - The Blueberry River First Nations, represented by Ratcliff have won an important historical claim at the Specific Claims Tribunal of Canada.
- [Blueberry River First Nations file claim challenging development in Northeast B.C.](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/blueberry-river-first-nations-file-claim-challenging-development-northeast-bc/) - Blueberry River First Nations, a Treaty 8 nation, filed a lawsuit challenging the cumulative impacts of the development of their traditional territory and the failure of BC to uphold promises made in Treaty 8.
- [Blueberry River First Nation Wins Landmark Treaty Rights Case](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/blueberry-river-first-nation-wins-landmark-treaty-rights-case/) - BC Supreme Court rules that the province failed to adhere to its obligations to the Blueberry River First Nation under Treaty 8.
- [B.C. watchdog lambastes province’s ‘awful’ child welfare strategy](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/bc-watchdog-lambastes-provinces-awful-child-welfare-strategy/) - Just three weeks after obtaining an order in BC Supreme Court to allow a young indigenous mother sufficient access to her newborn to allow for breastfeeding and to foster a maternal bond.
- [B.C. Supreme Court overturns B.C. Oil and Gas Commission pipeline approval](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/bc-supreme-court-overturns-bc-oil-and-gas-commission-pipeline-approval/) - The B.C. Supreme Court overturned a B.C. Oil Commission pipeline approval due to failure to consult with Fort Nelson First Nation and address their concerns about the impact of a natural gas pipeline on caribou.
- [B.C. Supreme Court order providing Indigenous mother daily access to newborn could set national precedent](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/bc-supreme-court-order-providing-indigenous-mother-daily-access-to-newborn/) - A BC Supreme Court ruling that orders the provincial government to ensure an Indigenous mother has daily access to her newborn child so she does not lose her maternal bond.
- [B.C. promotes breastfeeding for infants in government care after court ruling](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/bc-promotes-breastfeeding-infants-government-care-after-court-ruling/) - The Ministry of Children and Family development has committed to an action plan in response to court rulings in favour of Huu-ay-aht First Nations represented by Ratcliff LLP.
- [B.C. First Nations' lawyers say Ottawa failed to consult on Trans Mountain expansion](https://www.ratcliff.com/news/bc-first-nations-lawyers-say-ottawa-failed-consult-trans-mountain-expansion/) - The federal government failed to share information, imposed unrealistic deadlines and refused to consider changes proposed by First Nations that would be affected by the proposed Trans Mountain expansion project.

## Publications

- [Band councils, band moneys and fiduciary duties](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/band-councils-band-moneys-and-fiduciary-duties/) - Band councils owe fiduciary duties to their bands and to band members. These distinct duties are generally compatible but can, in some circumstances, conflict.
- [SCC will hear Takuhikan v Procureur général du Québec: Implications for Indigenous Policing Funding and Crown-First Nation Contracts](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/scc-indigenous-policing/) - A summary of a Quebec Court of Appeal case that highlights significant developments impacting the funding of Indigenous policing services in Canada, and which may have broader implications for contracts between the Crown and First Nations.
- [Do more than 50% of Canadians fail to walk their dog?](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/do-more-than-50-of-canadians-fail-to-walk-their-dog/) - Read publications written by Ratcliff's team of Vancouver area lawyers focusing on Aboriginal law, public law and business law.
- [Always Be Prepared: Essentials of Incapacity Planning](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/always-be-prepared-essentials-of-incapacity-planning/) - Ensure your voice is heard even during incapacity by preparing the right documents (like Power of Attorney) tailored to your circumstances.
- [Dickson v. VGFN, 2024 SCC 10: Exploring the Application of the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms to Indigenous Self-Government](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/dickson-v-vgfn-charter-of-rights-and-freedoms-indigenous-self-government/) - Insight into the SCC ruling that the Charter applies to Vuntut Gwitchin First Nation under Final and Self-Government Agreements and how a new framework for sec. 25 has implications for Indigenous governments.
- [Soil contamination and Underground storage tanks: Know the Risks before Buying or Selling](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/soil-contamination-and-underground-storage-tanks-know-the-risks-before-buying-or-selling/) - Consider hidden risks of soil contamination from underground storage tanks when buying or selling property. Protect your investment with trusted legal guidance.
- [B.C. Budget 2024: A New Home Flipping Tax and Enhancing the Exemptions from Property Transfer Tax](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/home-flipping-tax/) - A breakdown of key updates including changes to the Property Transfer Tax, the BC Home Flipping Tax, Vacancy Tax, and more.
- [Deliberate Acts of Kindness: Organ Donation and Charitable Giving in Your Estate Plan](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/deliberate-acts-of-kindness-organ-donation-and-charitable-giving-in-your-estate-plan/) - In estate planning, leaving a lasting impact goes beyond benefiting your loved ones. Learn how to integrate organ donation and charitable giving into your plan.
- [Where Women Work, They Make A Difference: Ratcliff Celebrates IWD 2022](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/where-women-work-they-make-a-difference-ratcliff-celebrates-iwd-2022/) - Each day, we are fortunate to represent First Nations with female leadership, businesses with female founders, and families with women at their heart.
- [Treaty Closing and Implementation Activities](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/treaty-closing-and-implementation-activities/) - Brent Lehmann provides insights on activities required of a first nation relating to the closing and implementation of their treaty.
- [The Squamish Nation assessment process: Getting to consent](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/squamish-nation-assessment-process-getting-consent/) - Overview of Squamish Nation's environmental assessment process, designed to ensure impacts on the Nation’s rights and title interests are avoided or mitigated.
- [The duty to consult in the administrative law context: When it arises, and where it is enforced](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/duty-consult-administrative-law-context-when-it-arises-and-where-it-enforced/) - Since the Supreme Court of Canada’s confirmation of the duty in 2004, First Nations have spent a lot of litigation time and effort trying to determine just how, when, and where they can enforce this duty.
- [The Aboriginal right to sell fish: Ahousaht Nation et al v Canada](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/aboriginal-right-sell-fish-ahousaht-nation-et-al-v-canada/) - All five Nuu-chah-nulth plaintiffs have the aboriginal right to fish in their traditional territories and sell that fish into the commercial marketplace.
- [Structuring First Nations Economic Development](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/structuring-first-nations-economic-development/) - More and more Indigenous governments are investing, and are directly involved, in for profit business ventures. Brent Lehmann outlines considerations for First Nation governments for participating in mainstream economic development.
- [Overview of legal matters to be considered in for-market development of First Nation reserve lands](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/overview-legal-matters-be-considered-development-reserve-lands/) - An overview of legal matters to be considered in connection with a for-market development of First Nation reserve lands. For-market development of reserve lands involves many complex legal matters, the number and complexity of which may vary significantly between developments, depending on a wide range of variables.
- [Landmark decision opens door to private law remedies for First Nations: A case summary of Thomas and Saik’uz First Nation v Rio Tinto Alcan Inc.](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/landmark-decision-opens-door-to-private-law-remedies-for-first-nations-a-case-summary-of-thomas-and-saikuz-first-nation-v-rio-tinto-alcan-inc/) - BC Supreme Court rules that Rio Tinto Alcan (RTA) is interfering with Aboriginal fishing rights and causing harm to the Nechako watershed.
- [Landmark court decision declares provincial mineral tenure regime to be contrary to section 35(1) of the Constitution](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/landmark-court-decision-declares-provincial-mineral-tenure-regime-to-be-contrary-to-section-351-of-the-constitution/) - The British Columbia Supreme Court released a landmark ruling in a case brought by Ehattesaht First Nation and Gitxaala First Nation, challenging the provincial regime that allows for granting mineral tenures without any prior consultation regarding their section 35(1) Aboriginal rights and title.
- [Development of Aboriginal lands: Successes, risks and environmental concerns respecting contaminated sites](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/development-aboriginal-lands-successes-risks-and-environmental-concerns-respecting/) - Review the successes and challenges First Nations face with respect contaminated sites on most Aboriginal lands in B.C.
- [Consultation and Accommodation Update](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/consultation-and-accommodation-update/) - The duty to consult articulated by the Supreme Court of Canada in Haida Nation v. British Columbia in 2004 continues to play an important and prevalent role in the process of Crown-First Nations reconciliation. This paper discusses the state of the law of consultation in 2013.
- [Commercial fisheries: Should commercial fishing rights be included in modern treaties?](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/commercial-fisheries-should-commercial-fishing-rights-be-included-modern-treaties/) - Given the cultural and economic importance of commercial fishing to BC First Nations, and in particular coastal First Nations, the answer to this question is obviously “yes”. However, this answer must be qualified somewhat: “Yes, provided the inclusion of commercial fisheries in the treaty meets the cultural and economic needs of the respective First Nation”.
- [BC’s New Litigation Directives Encourage Negotiation over Litigation with Indigenous Peoples](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/bcs-new-litigation-directives-encourage-negotiation-over-litigation-with-indigenous-peoples/) - BC’s new Litigation Directives seek to transform relationships with Indigenous peoples by prioritizing negotiation and settlement over litigation.
- [Supreme Court upholds federal Indigenous child welfare legislation: Analysis of Reference re An Act respecting First Nations, Inuit, and Métis Children, Youth, and Families, 2024 SCC 5](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/supreme-court-upholds-indigenous-child-welfare/) - Exploring the Supreme Court ruling on Indigenous child welfare legislation and its affirmation of an Indigenous right of self-government
- [Departure from Stare Decisis:  Quebec Superior Court Sets Out New Aboriginal Rights Test in R. c. Montour, 2023 QCCS 4154](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/departure-from-stare-decisis-quebec-superior-court-sets-out-new-aboriginal-rights-test-in-r-c-montour-2023-qccs-4154/) - A recent Quebec Superior Court decision departs from Supreme Court of Canada precedent and proposes a new framework for Aboriginal rights under s.35(1).
- [Can You Help Me?: What you need to know about incapacity planning](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/can-you-help-me-what-you-need-to-know-about-incapacity-planning/) - Incapacity planning designates others to help you should you become unable to help yourself. Having a well-articulated plan helps your family and friends to act according to your wishes.
- [The Typical Residential Real Estate Purchase Process in BC](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/residential-real-estate-purchase/) - Buying property in British Columbia can be a complex process. Working with experienced legal advisors can ensure the timely completion of your residential real estate purchase.
- [Canada Labour Code Updates for Federally Regulated Employers: Winter Edition](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/canada-labour-code-updates-for-federally-regulated-employers-winter-edition/) - Canada Labour Code Updates for Federally Regulated Employers | Minimum Age, Reimbursements, Employment Statements, Disclosure of Employee Rights and Obligations, Menstrual Products Requirements, and more.
- [Ensuring the Future of Disabled Beneficiaries through Estate Planning](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/disabled-beneficiaries/) - Estate planning is a crucial aspect of ensuring the well-being and financial security of disabled beneficiaries. By carefully structuring an estate plan, you can provide for their needs and protect their eligibility for government assistance programs.
- [Canada Labour Code Update for Federally Regulated Employers : Summer Edition](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/canada-labour-code-update-for-federally-regulated-employers/) - Canada Labour Code Update for Federally Regulated Employers. A review of changes made over the last few months including federal minimum wage increases, sick leave changes, and unpaid medical leave extensions.
- [Ontario courts apply the Aboriginal title test to submerged lands and find historical treaty breach](https://www.ratcliff.com/publications/ontario-courts-apply-the-aboriginal-title-test-to-submerged-lands-and-find-historical-treaty-breach/) - A recent decision from the Ontario Court of Appeal considered two claims brought by the Saugeen First Nation and the Chippewas of Nawash Unceded First Nation. This is the first time an appeal court has considered the application of the Aboriginal title test to claims to title over waterbodies.

## Our Lawyers

- [Kate Oja](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/kate-oja/) - Kate Oja, Associate at Ratcliff LLP, specializes in Aboriginal law, civil litigation, and constitutional issues, with Supreme Court experience.
- [Lesley Midzain](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/lesley-midzain/) - Lesley Midzain provides personalized service in wills, estate planning and estate administration, as well as advising on real estate matters.
- [Mario Garcia](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/mario-garcia/) - Mario Garcia uses his legal skills to advocate for, and advance, the cultural, environmental and economic development objectives of his clients.
- [Tammy Shoranick](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/tammy-shoranick/) - Tammy Shoranick advocates for and advises Indigenous communities on matters of governance, Aboriginal rights, and constitutional law
- [Kaymi Yoon-Maxwell](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/kaymi-yoon-maxwell/) - Ratcliff LLP's Vancouver area lawyers offer a broad range of experience and expertise, with a client-first philosophy to help you achieve your goals.
- [R. Brent Lehmann](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/r-brent-lehmann-indigenous-law/) - R. Brent Lehmann is a leading advisor on Indigenous self-determined reconciliation, governance, treaty negotiation and implementation, lawmaking, land codes, and enforcement of Indigenous law.
- [Tyler Struyk](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/tyler-struyk/) - Tyler Struyk focuses on advising Indigenous communities in treaty implementation, governance, and economic development. His practice focuses primarily on legal issues surrounding Indigenous involvement in fisheries, aquaculture, water, and mining.
- [Emma Hume](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/emma-hume/) - Emma Hume focuses on cases dealing with Aboriginal rights and title, consultation and accommodation, fiduciary duties, and tort and as well as other environmental and constitutional matters.
- [Lisa C. Glowacki](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/lisa-c-glowacki/) - Lisa C. Glowacki is a leading lawyer in Aboriginal rights and title litigation. She represents First Nations and others on environmental, natural resources, regulatory, constitutional, consultation, administrative law, social justice, self-governance, election, employment and human rights matters.
- [Melinda Skeels](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/melinda-skeels/) - Melinda Skeels advises First Nations with governance, litigation, consultation with industry and government, economic development and regulatory matters.
- [Peter Coady](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/peter-coady-real-estate-lawyer/) - Peter Coady advises on real property, estate, business, and corporate matters with a focus on residential and commercial real estate.
- [Rebekah Smith](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/rebekah-smith/) - Rebekah Smith, Associate at Ratcliff LLP, specializes in Aboriginal law, treaty rights, and environmental law, advocating for Indigenous rights.
- [Arseniy Shchedrinskiy](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/arseniy-shchedrinskiy/) - Arseniy Shchedrinskiy advises clients on a variety of matters related to First Nations governance, financial and strategic planning, capital and operational management.
- [Lauren M. Ferguson](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/lauren-m-ferguson/) - Ratcliff LLP’s Vancouver-area lawyers offer a broad range of experience and expertise, guided by a client-first philosophy designed to help you achieve your goals.
- [Ewa Holender](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/ewa-holender/) - Ewa Holender is a skilled advisor to First Nations, corporate, and non-profit clients on a variety of complex governance, commercial, and regulatory issues.
- [Frances Ankenman](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/frances-ankenman/) - Frances Ankenman is a skilled advisor advocating for and collaborating with First Nations in treaty negotiation and implementation, strategic consultation with the Crown, drafting legislation and advising treaty and non-treaty First Nations in the law-making process.
- [Tegan Heywood](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/tegan-heywood/) - Tegan Heywood has a strong foundation in corporate and commercial law, regulatory compliance, and environmental advocacy and is dedicated to advancing the rights of Indigenous peoples in Canada.
- [Natalia Sudeyko](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/natalia-sudeyko/) - Natalia Sudeyko is a talented legal advisor with a focus on Aboriginal law and litigation. She has experience on a wide range of files, including assisting First Nations with significant Aboriginal rights and title claims, child welfare issues, drafting and implementation of legislation, among others.
- [Grace Hermansen](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/grace-hermansen/) - Grace Hermansen maintains a practice focused on litigation and Indigenous governance, including land and natural resources, Aboriginal rights and title, child and family services, and general civil litigation.
- [Kate M. Blomfield](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/kate-m-blomfield/) - Kate M. Blomfield is an experienced legal advisor to First Nations in British Columbia and Yukon with a focus on litigation, negotiation, and governance. Her collaborative approach has allowed Kate to engage closely with her Indigenous clients to advance claims and achieve their self-determined goals.
- [Charles G. (Chuck) Piercey](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/charles-g-chuck-piercey/) - Charles G. (Chuck) Piercey maintains a thriving legal practice spanning Real Estate, Corporate, Commercial, and Wills and Estates matters with an emphasis on residential and recreational real property.
- [Simon Turner](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/simon-turner/) - Simon Turner acts for First Nations on litigation, governance and land and resource issues as well as assists with Treaty implementation.
- [Jeffrey R. Nicholls](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/jeffrey-r-nicholls/) - Jeffrey R. Nicholls advises on land and resource issues, Aboriginal rights and title, matters under the Indian Act, First Nation governance issues, and Indigenous legal traditions.
- [Kevin D. Lee](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/kevin-d-lee/) - Kevin D. Lee is the Managing Partner of Ratcliff LLP. He is an experienced senior advisor, litigator, and mediator known for in-depth analysis and creative problem solving with experience across major Aboriginal rights and title cases, multi-decade & complex civil litigation matters, contract and employment issues, and estate and real property disputes.
- [Alannis McKee](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/alannis-mckee/) - Alannis McKee, Associate at Ratcliff LLP, specializes in Aboriginal law, treaty rights, and public law, advocating for Indigenous communities.
- [Brenda A. McLuhan](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/brenda-mcluhan-labour-and-employment-lawyer/) - Brenda A. McLuhan is an accomplished legal advisor practicing in the areas of employment and governance law.
- [Nathan Hume](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/nathan-hume/) - Nathan Hume provides strategic legal advice to First Nations focusing on major projects and complex regulatory regimes related to environmental protection and the energy industry. He has extensive experience in negotiation, litigation, and federal and provincial regulatory processes.
- [Brian A. Hanson](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/brian-hanson/) - Brian A. Hanson is a senior legal advisor on Real Estate and Wills & Estates with a specialization in Employment Relocation Real Estate Law.
- [Michelle M. Ellison](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/michelle-m-ellison/) - Michelle M. Ellison has deep expertise in Aboriginal litigation and negotiation focused on preparing and negotiating specific claims.
- [Peter I. Bonny](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/peter-i-bonny-wills-estates-lawyer/) - Peter I. Bonny is a trusted advisor with a focus on wills, trusts and estate administration. including business succession. Peter is the lead of Ratcliff's Wills and Estate practice group.
- [Hannah McDonald](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/hannah-mcdonald/) - Hannah McDonald provides legal advice to First Nations in B.C. and the Yukon on a variety of interrelated and complex matters, including Treaty negotiation and implementation, government to government negotiations and reconciliation initiatives, Aboriginal rights and title, among others. 
- [Jamie Arbeau](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/jamie-arbeau/) - Jamie Arbeau is a creative and skilled legal advisor with experience in a variety of matters impacting Indigenous people, governments, and organizations with a focus on First Nations litigation and Specific Claims.
- [James Tate](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/james-tate/) - James Tate is a litigator, negotiator, and acts as general counsel for a number of First Nations with experience in Aboriginal consultation and accommodation in relation to major resource projects, significant settlements with both the federal and provincial crown, including major economic benefit agreements, forest and range agreements, consultation agreements, BC Hydro agreements and specific claim settlements.
- [Gregory J. McDade KC](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/gregory-j-mcdade/) - Gregory J. McDade KC is an experienced litigator and negotiator with a focus on impact benefits agreements, and Aboriginal consultation and accommodation litigation in respect of major resource projects, in BC, the North and Ontario.
- [Kristy A. Pozniak](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/kristy-pozniak/) - Kristy A. Pozniak works exclusively for First Nation clients in the areas of governance, economic development, consultation and accommodation, treaty implementation and regulating processes.
- [John R. Rich](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/john-r-rich/) - John R. Rich has been with Ratcliff for over 35 years. He represents First Nation governments as general counsel and in litigation.
- [Jeremy Shelford](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/jeremy-shelford/) - Jeremy Shelford is a skilled advisor to Indigenous and non-Indigenous organizations in corporate commercial operations and transactions with a focus on the natural resource sector. .
- [Victoria B. Fred](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/victoria-b-fred/) - Victoria B. Fred is an Independent Associate Counsel to Ratcliff based in Whitehorse, Yukon. She maintains an independent practice focused on administrative and consultation law, traditional knowledge, and trusts as these areas apply to Yukon First Nation issues.
- [Veronica Singer](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/veronica-singer/) - Veronica Singer is an accomplished business lawyer providing strategic guidance to businesses, First Nations entities, and not-for-profit organizations.
- [Karl P. Stephan](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/karl-p-stephan/) - Karl P. Stephan has deep expertise in First Nations economic development and corporate structure, impact benefit and servicing agreements, trusts, and First Nation laws, including taxation and assessment laws, financial administration laws and land codes.
- [Gary R. Yabsley](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-lawyers/gary-r-yabsley/) - Gary R. Yabsley represents First Nations and Inuit organizations as legal counsel, political advisor and negotiator.

## Our Students

- [Will Vibert](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-students/will-vibert/)
- [Alphonsine Rose Lafond](https://www.ratcliff.com/our-students/alphonsine-rose-lafond/)

## Timeline Slider

- [2019-2021](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/2019/) - Blueberry River First Nation v. British Columbia
- [2011](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/maa-nulth-treaty/) - The Maa-nulth TreatyThe Maa-nulth Final Agreement was only the second treaty to be ratified through the BC Treaty Process and was the first multi-nation treaty.
- [1996-1999](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1996-1999/) - Squamish Kitsilano Action As part of the omnibus claim filed in 1977, Squamish sought the return of, or compensation for, the loss of their village of Sen̓áḵw, the Kitsilano Reserve located in Vancouver at present-day Vanier Park. This claim was severed out from the omnibus claim and went to trial in Federal Court for almost
- [1985](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1985/) - Landmark Charter case and Life, Liberty and Security of the Person In 1985, Ratcliff lawyer Charles Stein argued the first case in the Supreme Court of Canada to deal with section 7 of the (then) new Charter of Rights and Freedoms. The case, known as Re BC Motor Vehicle Act, was a constitutional reference case
- [1982](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1982/) - Section 35 of the Constitution Act adopted In 1982, Canada amended its Constitution to bring in the Charter of Rights and Freedoms and the protection of Aboriginal rights. Ratcliff lawyer Gary Yabsley was at the table in Ottawa with Indigenous leaders to negotiate the recognition and affirmation of Aboriginal rights in section 35 of the
- [1977](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1977/) - Squamish Omnibus Trust Action Filed In 1977, Ratcliff lawyers Paul Reecke and Harry Slade (now Justice Slade) commenced an “omnibus” court action claiming against Canada for the loss of multiple pieces of reserve land that occurred during some of the worst of Colonial times when it was unlawful for First Nations to retain lawyers. That
- [1950](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/ratcliff-company-established/) - Ratcliff & Company Established Ratcliff & Company was founded in 1950 by Kenneth Ratcliff, along with founding partners Paul Reecke, Bob Kitchen, and Bruce Miller.
- [1965](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1965/) - Ratcliff’s Aboriginal law practice begins In 1965, the Squamish Nation approached Paul Reecke, a partner in Ratcliff Reecke and Kitchen (as we were then called), to advise on the lease of some of the Nation’s reserve lands. This is one of the first times that a First Nation, on the recommendation of the government Indian
- [1995](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1995/) - Ratcliff merges with Collier Hanson In 1995, Ratcliff merged with the North Vancouver community law firm Collier Hanson to build on the firm’s community, wills and estates, business and real estate practice. Daryl Collier became managing partner of the firm and remained with Ratcliff until his retirement. Brian Hanson remains a partner to this day.
- [1996](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1996/) - Blueberry River Trust Settlement In 1996, Ratcliff lawyer Harry Slade negotiated the settlement of a claim on behalf of the Blueberry River and Doig First nations regarding the loss of their shared reserve lands that they were compelled to surrender after the Second World War for the use of returning veterans.
- [1997](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1997/) - Greg McDade QC joins Ratcliff In 1997, Greg McDade QC, a talented and innovative environmental lawyer, and founding director of Ecojustice (formerly Sierra Legal Defense Fund) was invited to join Ratcliff’s litigation team by John Rich. Greg became instrumental in Ratcliff’s Aboriginal, constitutional and environmental litigation practice and very soon became a leader in the
- [1999-2000](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/1999-2000/) - Squamish v. Canadian Pacific Railway In 1990, the Canadian Pacific Railway attempted to sell former railway land that it had expropriated from the Squamish Kitsilano Reserve in 1886 and 1902. Ratcliff lawyers John Rich, Charles Stein, Matthew Kirchner and Brent Lehmann brought an action against Canadian Pacific Railway and Canada on behalf of Squamish asserting
- [2009](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/ahousaht-decision-recognizing-aboriginal-commercial-fishing-rights/) - The Ahousaht case is the only court decision to recognize an Aboriginal right to fish commercially for a broad range of marine resources.
- [2017](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/coldwater-indian-band-v-canada/) - Coldwater Indian Band v. Canada
- [2019-2022](https://www.ratcliff.com/timeline_slider_post/british-columbias-first-private-nuisance-claim-based-on-aboriginal-rights-and-title/) - British Columbia’s first private nuisance claim based on Aboriginal Rights and Title

## Custom Snippets

- [Google Analytics](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/jupiterx-codes/google-analytics/)

## Categories

- [Rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/rights/)
- [Real Estate](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/real-estate/)
- [Treaty](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/treaty/)
- [Specific Claims](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/spec_claims/)
- [Estates](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/estates/)
- [Economic Development](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/ec_dev/)
- [Business](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/business/)
- [Consultation](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/consultation/)
- [Employment](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/employment/)
- [Governance](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/governance/)
- [Public Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/public_law/)
- [Constitutional Litigation](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/constitutional_litigation/)
- [Environmental Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/environmental_law/)
- [Natural Resource Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/category/nat_res_law/)

## Tags

- [wills](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/wills/)
- [Shchedrinskiy](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/shchedrinskiy/)
- [McLuhan](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/mcluhan/)
- [Hume](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/hume/)
- [Holender](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/holender/)
- [Ankenman](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/ankenman/)
- [Yabsley](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/tag/yabsley/)

## News Categories

- [Constitutional Litigation](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/constitutional-litigation/)
- [Specific Claims](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/specific-claims/)
- [Corporate News](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/corporate-news/)
- [Aboriginal Rights & Title](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/aboriginal-rights-title/)
- [Treaty Negotiation & Implementation](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/treaty-negotiation-implementation/)
- [First Nations Business & Economic Development](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/first-nations-business-economic-development/)
- [Indigenous Governance](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/indigenous-governance/)
- [Judicial Review & Administrative Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/judicial-review-administrative-law/)
- [Natural Resources & Environment](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/natural-resources-environment/)
- [Business & Commercial](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/business-commercial/)
- [Real Estate](https://www.ratcliff.com/news-category/real-estate/)

## Categories

- [Aboriginal Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/publication-category/aboriginal-law/)
- [Public Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/publication-category/public-law/)
- [Personal & Business Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/publication-category/personal-business-law/)
- [First Nations Litigation](https://www.ratcliff.com/publication-category/first-nations-litigation/)
- [Civil Litigation](https://www.ratcliff.com/publication-category/civil-litigation/)
- [Treaty Negotiation and Implementation](https://www.ratcliff.com/publication-category/treaty-negotiation-and-implementation/)

## Practice Areas

- [First Nations Business & Economic Development](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/first-nations-business-economic-development/)
- [Indigenous Land Rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/indigenous-land-rights/)
- [First Nations Consultation Negotiation & Accomodation](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/first-nations-consultation-negotiation-accomodation/)
- [Aboriginal and Treaty Rights](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/aboriginal-and-treaty-rights/)
- [Administrative Law & Judical Review](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/administrative-law-judical-review/)
- [Aboriginal Rights and Land Claims](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/aboriginal-rights-and-land-claims/)
- [Governance](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/governance/)
- [Environmental Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/environmental-law/)
- [Treaty Negotiation & Implementation](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/treaty-negotiation-implementation/)
- [Civil Litigation](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/civil-litigation/)
- [Employment Law](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/employment-law/)
- [Real Estate](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/real-estate/)
- [Wills & Estates](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/publication_practice_areas/wills-estates/)

## Category

- [1950](https://www.ratcliff.com/proceedings/wpostahs-slider-category/1950/)